在論文格式要求中,論文的字體字號、行距邊距、段落縮進等都有相應的要求。Apa第七版是目前心理學、社科類等專業(yè)領(lǐng)域使用較多的論文格式。本指南介紹apa7的【英文參考文獻】格式要求和具體的模板示例。
一、文獻引用
引用一般是文內(nèi)引用和文末參考文獻列表。兩種引用由于處于不同的位置,有不同的作用,所以其具體的引用方法也不相同。一般而言,文末參考文獻比文內(nèi)引用要更長,信息更全,包含了文內(nèi)引用的內(nèi)容。
二、英文參考文獻格式&模板
(一)文內(nèi)引用
1.插入式文本引用
eg.Studies have shown music and art therapies to be effective in aiding those dealing with mental disorders as well as managing, exploring, and gaining insight into traumatic experiences their patients may have faced. (Stuckey & Nobel, 2010).
可以看到,引用時,直接用姓氏+年份即可
在轉(zhuǎn)述/總結(jié)材料的開頭或結(jié)尾引用來源。
eg.(Jones & Smith, 2022)
2.敘述性文本引用
Stuckey and Nobel (2010) noted, "it has been shown that music can calm neural activity in the brain, which may lead to reductions in anxiety, and that it may help to restore effective functioning in the immune system."
直接引用信息,加上引號?!啊眹@著引用的材料。源作者是句子的一部分,出版年份出現(xiàn)在作者姓名旁邊的括號中。
無頁碼時:(Dodge, 2008).
(Author, Date).
有頁碼時:(Dodge, 2008. p. 125).
(Author, Date, page number)
(二)文末參考文獻
注意,在第七版apa格式中,論文不需要使用Running head。
參考文獻單獨成頁;
參考文獻標題居中,頂部粗體顯示;
雙倍行距;
引文按字母順序排列。
eg.
1.Achterberg, J. (1985). Imagery in healing. Shambhala Publications.
2.American Psychological Association. (2017). Stress in America: The state of our nation.
https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2017/state-nation.pdf
3.Baider, L., Uziely, B., & Kaplan De-Nour, A. (1994). Progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery in cancer patients.
General Hospital Psychiatry, 16(5), 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(94)90021-3
4.Ball, T. M., Shapiro, D. E., Monheim, C. J., & Weydert, J. A. (2003). A pilot study of the use of guided imagery for the treatment of recurrent abdominal pain in children. Clinical Pediatrics, 42(6), 527–532.
https://doi.org/10.1177/000992280304200607
5.Jacobson, E. (1938). Progressive relaxation (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
6.Lange, S. (1982. August 23–27). A realistic look at guided fantasy [Paper presentation]. American Psychological Association 90th Annual Convention, Washington, DC.
7.McGuigan, F. J., & Lehrer, P. M. (2007). Progressive relaxation: Origins, principles, and clinical applications. In P. M.Lehrer, R. L. Woolfolk, & W. E. Sime (Eds.), Principles and practice of stress management (3rd ed., pp. 57–87). Guilford Press.
以上是全部分享內(nèi)容,大家在使用apa格式完成論文時,可以參考上述格式要求和示例檢查自己的格式是否符合標準。
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