A-level化學A2階段的主要內(nèi)容是什么?
A2部分的主要內(nèi)容
1. Chemical Energetics
Free Energy and Entropy
Lattice Enthalpy, Ionisation Energy, Born-Haber Cycles, Hydration Enthalpy
化學能量部分,學生在as階段已經(jīng)學習了,但是這a2部分要深入考察學生對于自由能和熵變的理解,關注考察晶格能的概念,電離能的定義和意義,Born-Haber循環(huán)和水合焓。
2. Electrochemistry
Electrode Potentials - Redox, Half Cells, Electrochemical Series
電化學的部分,我們在復習的時候要關注電極電勢和金屬的活潑性順序。
3. Equilibria
Acids and Bases - Buffer Solutions and Uses
Acids and Bases - Strength, pH Curves, Indicators
Equilibrium Constants - Kc, Kp
學生們已經(jīng)了解了化學平衡的概念,但是在a2部分要能量定量的去理解平衡的程度,明白平衡常數(shù)的意義,公式。理解酸堿度,酸堿指示劑和緩沖液。
4. Reaction Kinetics
Chemical Equilibrium and Industrial Applications
Rates of Reaction - Rate Equation, Order, Rate Constant (k), Arrhenius Equation and Rate Determining Step
關于反應速率,學生們要了解速率方程,速率常數(shù)和限速步驟。
5. Group 2
Group 2 - Trends, Reactions and Properties
第二主族元素的規(guī)律,反應和性質(zhì)是考察的一個要點。
6. Transition Elements
Reactions of Transition Metal Ions - Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Chromium, Silver and Vanadium
Transition Metals - Oxidation, Coloured Ions, Colorimetry, Ligands, Coordination Number, Isomerism in Complexes and Catalysis
學生們在復習的時候,要了解常見的過渡金屬,知道過渡金屬涉及的化學反應,配合物的組成和性質(zhì)。
7. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Amines, Amino Acids,
Benzene - Structure, Reactions and Substitution
Friedel-Crafts Reactions - Alkylation and Acylation
Isomerism - Structural, E_Z, Optical and Stereoisomers
有機物部分,在a2我們要關注胺類物質(zhì),對于氨基酸性質(zhì)和多肽部分,學生可以弱化。只要了解蛋白質(zhì)的三級結(jié)構(gòu)。苯類物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)特征,常見反應要關注。物質(zhì)的光學結(jié)構(gòu)是考試重點。
8. Hydroxy Compounds
Phenol - Structure, Preparation, Uses and Reactions
酚類物質(zhì)要了解結(jié)構(gòu),制備和應用。
9. Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Aldehydes and Ketones - Properties, Reactions, Identification and 2,4-DNP
Carboxylic Acids, Esters and Derivatives
Friedel-Crafts Reactions - Alkylation and Acylation
對于羧酸及其衍生物類,學生們要關注結(jié)構(gòu),性質(zhì)和常見的化學反應。聚合物的性質(zhì)與合成也要關注。
10. Organic Synthesis
Organic Synthesis - Extending Carbon Chains, Friedel-Crafts Reactions and Chiral Synthesis
有機合成是利用延伸碳鏈的方式改變物質(zhì)組成,F(xiàn)riedel–Crafts reaction要會畫出來機理圖。