在英美國家,多數(shù)人在孩童時代,就能夠輕松掌握全部的英語語法;而許多人已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了10幾年英語,啃過一本又一本厚厚的語法書,但卻是越學(xué)越?jīng)]有頭緒,對英語只剩下畏難情緒。即使是出了國,不少留學(xué)生也深受語法的磋磨。
今天英國論文輔導(dǎo)老師給大家說下,留學(xué)生常見的語法錯誤有哪些。
雖然常見的英文語法錯誤有很多種,但是總結(jié)起來我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)中國留學(xué)生的語法還是存在以下的幾個普遍性的錯誤:
(一) 時態(tài)語態(tài)
動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)變化是英語中重要的一種形式變化,其中時態(tài)是指動作發(fā)生的時間(時)和動作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)(態(tài)),語態(tài)是指句子的主語和謂語動詞之間是何種關(guān)系。
寫作中要根據(jù)表達(dá)的目的和需求,選擇合適的時態(tài)語態(tài)變化。如:
Some people welcomed (正確應(yīng)為:welcome,保持與后面 look 一致)the progress and look forward to in a variety of fields for the benefit of mankind.
The news has been sparked (應(yīng)去掉 been,用主動語態(tài))a heated debate and spread throughout the world quickly.
(二)句子成分
句子成分的錯誤主要集中在成分缺失、成分冗余以及其他不規(guī)范的用法等問題上。如:
成分缺失 As with every newly-emerging thing, there are optimistic and pessimistic (缺少主語,可補(bǔ)充 sentiments) towards it.
成分冗余 I am stunned to learn that it is(謂語重復(fù),可去掉 is)serves as a sharp double-edged sword towards us human.

(三)不一致 Disagreements
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了單復(fù)數(shù)的不一致,時態(tài)不一致和代詞不一致等。
下面我們來看幾個例子。
主謂不一致:
When one have money, he can do what he want to .
one是單數(shù)第三人稱,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has; 同理,want應(yīng)改為wants。
本句是典型的主謂不一致。
應(yīng)該改為:Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
單復(fù)數(shù)不一致:
Different groups hold different view(正確應(yīng)為 views).
時態(tài)不一致:
Water will boil at 100.
表示客觀真理的句子,其謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
正確應(yīng)該改為:Water boils at 100.
代詞不一致:
Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually, they may get a series of diseases.
這里的they指代的是前面的a person,所以需要改成單數(shù)形式的he。
(四)句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
Sentence Fragments在我們的日常生活中很常見,但是在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中,我們需要避免這種錯誤。在正式的寫作中,我們需要確保每一個句子都是完整的。
下面舉一個非常經(jīng)典的語法錯誤,那就是“ Because”的用法。
I need to have better time management. Because I’m currently practicing for a dance performance, working as an intern, and preparing for a presentation at the same time.
Because 是連接詞,要連接兩個句子才行,不能放在句首單獨(dú)使用。
應(yīng)該把這個句子改為:
I need to have better time management because I’m currently practicing for a dance performance, working as an intern, and preparing for a presentation at the same time.
(五)懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
懸垂修飾語的意思是修飾語所修飾的主語不清楚,后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。通常這樣的修飾語會出現(xiàn)在句子的開頭。
比如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 是誰在十歲的時候去世了呢? 顯然不是my grandfather。但是這句句子中沒有明確指出這一點(diǎn)。
應(yīng)該改為:
When I was ten, my grandfather died.
再來看個例子:Having looked through the bookshop, the book I wanted just wasn’t there. 是誰找遍了整間書店呢?顯然不是the book。
這句句子應(yīng)該改為:I have looked through the bookshop. The book I wanted just wasn’t there.
懸垂修飾語的出現(xiàn)讓句子的語意變得模糊,明確指出主語,就能避免這個問題。
(六)指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物的關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
舉例:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
在這里,“she” 和“ her”指代的對象不清楚,我們無法準(zhǔn)確判斷是誰要結(jié)婚,是誰要當(dāng)伴娘。我們可以把容易引起誤解的代詞加以解釋,使所指的對象非常明確。
這個句子可以改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
指代不清還有一種情況是先后所用的代詞不一致:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
應(yīng)該改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
(七)不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
Run-on Sentences通常是指沒有使用連接詞,將兩個句子簡單地連接在一起。
舉例:The students did well on the test they didn’t study very much.
Anna needs a new car she spent the weekends visiting car dealerships.
第一個句子兩個獨(dú)立分句之間缺少連接詞,比如but,或者though。
應(yīng)該改為:The students did well on the test, but they didn’t study very much。
第二個句子缺少連接詞so,或者是since,或because。
應(yīng)該改為: Anna needs a new car so she spent the weekends visiting car dealerships.
Run-on Sentences另外一種情況是連續(xù)使用子句用“and”連接。
比如下面這個句子:We went to the store and bought some fruit, and we went to the mall to get some clothes, and we had lunch at McDonald’s, and we visited some friends. 一般來說,這種情況最好的解決方法就是把句子斷開,分成幾個單獨(dú)的句子。
(八)累贅(Redundancy)
英語學(xué)術(shù)寫作措辭應(yīng)當(dāng)簡潔明了,若使用過多的詞匯來表達(dá)一個單詞就能表達(dá)的意思,會使寫作內(nèi)容拖沓冗長,觀點(diǎn)模糊,大大影響了閱讀體驗(yàn)。Redundancy的錯誤不僅體現(xiàn)在用詞的選擇上,還有句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上。
首先來看一下詞匯的選擇,以下分別是冗長累贅的詞匯。
at this point in time,
in compliance with your request,
in the event that.
可以改為更加簡潔明了的:
now,
at your request,
if.
下面以句子為單位來舉個例子。
For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
其實(shí)這個句子可以大大簡化,改為:
Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
(九)不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個句子前言不搭后語,或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不通暢,這也是中國留學(xué)生經(jīng)常犯的一個語法錯誤,很多中國留學(xué)生寫的文章句子和句子之間沒有邏輯,東一句西一句,想到哪就寫到哪。
首先來看一個簡單的例子。
Freshwater, it is the most important things of the earth.
Freshwater與逗號后的it不連貫;It與things在數(shù)方面不一致。
應(yīng)該改為:Freshwater is the most important thing in the world.
在論文寫作過程中,我們應(yīng)該善用邏輯聯(lián)系詞,來實(shí)現(xiàn)句子之間的連貫性。比如舉例的時候,我們可以用“ for instance,for example,such as”;因果論證可以使用“ because, so, as a result, therefore, the reason for that is…”等。
以上便是英國論文輔導(dǎo)老師給同學(xué)們分享的語法錯誤合集,如果同學(xué)們在論文寫作中遇到難題,可以聯(lián)系我們哦~
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